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S. Chowdhury

Abstract

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Surendra Mohan Nath , S. Chowdhury

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Rajiv Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary, renamed from well know orang Wildlife Sanctuary, situated well within Darrang District with but a small area towards eastern fringe in Sonitpur district of Aasam, lies between 26°30',-26°40' N and 92°15'-92°30' E covers an area of nearly 80 km² A flood plain of River Brahmaputra and its tributary Dhansiri presents a sub-humid tropical area encompassing magnificent man-made forest of indegenous plant species (not less than 50 species) of Assam; natural forested land of deciduous species; savannah; extensive pure grasslands and luxuriant wetlands. An excellent habitat for endangered Rhinoceros unicornis and other wild animals. Based on several field trips conducted since August1991, the authors collected as many as 669 in field numbers to the present, revealed interesting findings not only its vegetation and composition of floristic elements including 45specifies of grasses, 26 species of sedges and a number of ground orchids with 2 new records of species from North-Eastern Region viz., Pecteilis triflora and a peculiar pungent smelling Habenerio graveolen but also on the food habit of particularly Rhinocerous unicornis and Sus scorofa-cristata as well. Besides grasses, most palatable amongst others for Rhios are Equisetum diffusum and E. ramossisimum sub-sp. debile of Fern allies whereas Wildboar even love to devour matured bulbs of ground orchids like species of Geodorum densiflorum, Eulophia and Habeneria etc. A variety of plant resosurces and its impact on growth and development of wiIdlife has also been high-lighted in the paper.

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S. Chowdhury , Ranjit Singh

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Oberonia anthropophora Lindl. Of Orchidaceae is recorded as new for India from Ranga Reserve Forest of Lakhimpur District of Assam.

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B. C. Choudhury , S. Chowdhury

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The paper outlines the initiation and chronological development of Indian Crocodile Conservation Projects. The progress and achivenments made since 1975. In bringing back the Indian crocodilians from virtual extinction and re-establishing them in their natural protected habitats by reintroduction is discussed While pointing out the existing problems of future reintroductions and the need for more detailed follow up monitoring of reintroduced crocodilians, the authors suggest adoption of similar "reintroduction" strategy as a means of conservation for other endangered herpetofauna of India.

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S. Chowdhury , S. N. Baruah

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Camarotis obtusa Lindl. in Nowgong district of Assam is rocorded as new to India.

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Utpal Bose ¹, A. K. Mathur ¹, K. C. Sahoo ², S. Bhattacharya ¹, Krishan Dutt ¹, V. Aneel Kumar ³, S. S. Sarkar ¹, S. Chowdhury ¹, I. Chowdhury ¹

Affiliations
1 Geological Survey of India, Jhalana Dungri, Jaipur - 302 004, IN
2 Geological Survey of India, Bhubaneswar - 751 012, IN
3 Geological Survey of India, Hyderabad - 500 660, IN

Abstract

The oldest cratonic nucleus pf the Western Indian shield, familiarly known as the Banded Gneissic Complex (BGC), occupies a large tract in the Mcwar plains of South Rajasthan. It has essentially an old gneissic component (3.3 Ga) and a host of mafic bodies associated with detrital and chemogenic sediments which have been subjected to multiple phases of anatexis and granite intrusions (2.9 Ga and later events). The emplacement of Berach granite and succeeding dolerite dyke swarms mark the end-Archaean cratonization process. This also initiated intracratonic and cratonmarginal basin formation.

Later magmatism, especially along the basement-cover interface. is due to local remobilisation of the basement at the time of Proterozoic orogeny.

Keywords

Banded Gneissic Complex, Stratigraphy, Petrochemistry, Rajasthan.

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G. Panigrahi ¹, S. Chowdhury ¹, D. C. S. Raju ¹, G. K. Deka ¹

Affiliations
1 Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Circle, Shillong, IN

Abstract

This paper presents the essential features of geology, topography, soil, climate, vegetation and floristic composition of the tropical deciduous and tropical semi-evergreen/evergreen forests occurring in parts of Cuttack district, Keonjhar district, Mayurbhanja district and Bolangir-Sambalpur districts of Orissa. An enumeration of about 868 specie of angiosperms, gymnosperms, pteriodophytes and fungi representing 1845 field numbers collected between 1957-1959 is appended. It includes 34 species and ten genera found as new records for Bihar and Orissa and 60 species found as new records for Orissa only.

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N. P. Balakrishnan ¹, S. Chowdhury ¹

Affiliations
1 Botanical Survey of India, Shillong, IN

Abstract

Nomenclature and delimitation of the genera Epigeneium Gagnep. and Katherinea Hawkes are discussed. Epigeneium fargesii (Finet) Gagnep., so far known only from China, is reported for the first time from Bhutan with description and illustrations. A new species, Katherinea navicularis and two other known species of Katherinea are described and illustrated.

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N. P. Balakrishnan ¹, S. Chowdhury ¹

Affiliations
1 Botanical Survey of India, Shillong, IN

Abstract

Bulbophyllum densiflorum Rolfe, Sarcanthus williamsonii Reichb. f., Panisea tricallosa Rolfe and Bulbophyllum amplifolium (Rolfe) comb. nov. new records for Bhutan; B. leopardinum Lindl. var. tuberculatum var. nov. are described with illustrations, as also the imperfectly known Pholidota imbricata Lindl. var. sessilis Hook. f.

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A. R. K. Sastry ¹, S. Chowdhury ²

Affiliations
1 Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, IN
2 Gauhati University, Gauhati, IN

Abstract

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S. Chowdhury ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Gauhati University, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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S. Saha ¹, D. Chakraborty ², B. U. Choudhury ², S. B. Singh ¹, N. Chinza ³, C. Lalzarliana ⁴, S. K. Dutta ¹, S. Chowdhury ¹, T. Boopathi ¹, Lungmuana ¹, A. R. Singh ¹, S. V. Ngachan ²

Affiliations
1 ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib 796 081, IN
2 ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam 796 103, IN
3 Directorate of Economics and Statistics, and Government of Mizoram, 796 001, IN
4 Directorate of Crop Husbandry, Government of Mizoram, 796 001, IN

Abstract

Long-term monthly rainfall observations (1986-2014) were analysed for 12 rain-gauge stations installed at variable altitudes of Mizoram. Our objective was to assess the temporal change in the standardized precipitation index (SPI) values at different timescales using Mann-Kendall trend tests. Significant reductions in post-monsoon and winter rainfall were recorded for most of the sites. Increasing dryness during the winter months may intensify the acute water shortage in Mizoram. Our results emphasize the altitudinal insensitivity of mean monthly rainfall trend and prove the urgent need for adopting suitable water management practices to cope with the water scarcity problem to increase the resiliency of rabi agriculture in Mizoram in near future.

Keywords

Agriculture, Rainfall Pattern, Standardized Precipitation Index, Spatial Variability.

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S. Nath ¹, K. C. Dora ¹, S. Sarkar ¹, S. Chowdhury ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Fish Processing Technology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, KOLKATA (W.B.), IN

Abstract

The growing consumer demand for finding natural but effective food preservation free of potential health risks has stimulated research in the field of biopreservation to find an attractive and alternative approach to chemical preservatives. Among the 51 colonies that displayed antibacterial activity against the indicator lawn of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, one colony isolated from curd, showed strong antimicrobial activity against the indicators tested, viz., Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (MTCC 2729), Vibrio cholera and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The isolate was identified as Bacillus subtilis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and NCBI BLAST Analysis, having the Accession number KF556680. The neutralized cell free supernatant (NCFS) of isolate B. subtilis FPTB23 was able to inhibit the growth of S. aurus (ATCC 25923), E. faecalis (MTCC 2729), V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus inferring that the NCFS contains metabolites which is either a bacteriocin or bacteriocin like inhibitory substance. The strong antagonism against a number of serious and challenging foodborne pathogens/spoilage-causing micro-organisms advocated the high possibility of using this isolate as an effective preservative in food. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the NCFS of Bacillus subtilis FPTB23 against Enterococcus faecalis (MTCC 2729) was found to be 200 AU/ml. The antimicrobial substance produced by B. subtilis FPTB23 was moderately heat stable, showed maximum activity at pH 7. The NCFS was completely inactivated after treatment with proteolytic enzymes such as, proteinase K and protease, which reveals the proteinaceous nature of the active substance. Exposure to Triton x-100, Tween 80, chloroform and butanol significantly decrease inhibition action. The molecular mass of the active form was found 21.5kDa by SDS-PAGE. The isolated species or its NCFS, therefore, can be used as food preservative reducing the requirement of intense heat treatments for foods to extend the shelf lives, thus, helping to maintain the freshness or unique texture of foods.

Keywords

Biopreservation, Antimicrobial Activity, Bacillus subtilis, Neutralised Cell Free Supernatant.

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S. P. Banerjee ¹, K. C. Dora ¹, S. Chowdhury ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Fish Processing Technology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata-700 094, IN

Abstract

Food-borne pathogenic bacteria may contaminate fish during rearing, harvesting and processing practices'. Up to 40 per cent of humans carry S. aureus in their nose as a part of the normai microflora. The first link between Staphylococcus aureus and food poisoning has been ascribed to an outbreak associated with eating cheese, while the first recognized meat-related outbreak, involving a fatality, was reported in 1894.

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P. Manna ¹, K. C. Dora ¹, S. Chowdhury ¹, S. P. Banerjee ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Fish Processing Technology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata- 700 094, IN

Abstract

Fish is a top-of-the-line nutrient-dense food. Fish and fish products offer an identicai source of omega-3 LCPs (iong-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids). LCPs are key building blocks in the brain. Decosahexaenoic acid (DMA) and elcosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are important structural components of brain cell membranes.

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N. Das ¹, K. C. Dora ¹, S. Chowdhury ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Fish Processing Technology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata - 700 094, IN

Abstract

Fish food products are mainly prepared from marine fish and shellfish even though in a few countries of Asia and Africa, fresh water fishes are also utilized for the purpose. Fish can be preserved by many methods but canned foods can be stored at room temperature for long periods. These are cooked foods and hence instantly available for consumption with little or no further preparation for the table.

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S. Chowdhury ¹, S. Sarkar ¹, K. C. Dora ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Fish Processing Technology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata-700 094, IN

Abstract

The present market trend reflects a rapidly growing demand for ready to serve and ready to cook convenience products. The sophisticated consumer abroad as well as the urban consumer at home demands new types of value added , hygienically prepared, highly nutritious and attractively packed food products. Nearly 350 million people in India live in urban areas and processed food will become their first choice sooner or later.

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Tirtha Bhattacharya ¹, Tanushri Ghorai ², K. C. Dora ¹, Sreekanta Sarkar ¹, S. Chowdhury ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Fish Processing Technology, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata (W.B.), IN
2 Department of Fish Processing Technology, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata (W.B.), IN

Abstract

Dry fish is the low cost dietary protein source in India. Sometimes dry fishes are kept for a longer period that is the key factor of the deterioration of nutritional value of dry fishes, as they absorb moisture from the surrounding air. In the present study Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) were treated separately with saturated brine (Control, C), dry salt with 0.25 per cent potassium sorbate ( T₁) and saturated brine with 0.3 per cent sodium benzoate (T₂) and kept at ambient temperature for storage study after drying in open sun. The general purpose of this study is to determine the proximate composition of dry fishes treated with chemical preservatives and to investigate the quality changes of dried fishes with the increasing of storing period. The values for protein, fat, ash and moisture of dry fish for three different treatments were found in a range of 53.91 to 56.33 per cent, 5.94 to 11.77 per cent, 14.78 to 21.96 per cent and 6.9 to 7.42 per cent, respectively. The results of biochemical parameters revealed that during storage period, TVBN, TMA and PV content of T2 was better than C and T1 whereas TBA of C was better than T₁ and T₂. The microbial parameters revealed that the quality of the dry fishes of both the samples (T₁ and T₂), treated with preservatives, were of good quality and remain acceptable for longer duration than the control (C). Depending upon the sensory evaluation the overall acceptability of the dried fishes (T₁, T₂ and C) was significantly declined during storage. The findings of this study showed that nutritional value of dry fishes treated with chemical preservatives give a better storage life than control.

Keywords

Drying, Bombay Duck, Proximate Composition, Biochemical Parameter, Sensory Evaluation.

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Tanushri Ghorai ¹, K. C. Dora ², Sreekanta Sarkar ¹, S. Chowdhury ¹, R. Bordoloi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Fish Processing Technology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, KOLKATA (W.B.), IN
2 Department of Fish Processing Technology, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, KOLKATA (W.B.), IN

Abstract

The shellfish processing industry in India generates about 8.5 million tonnes of waste per year which is rich in protein (40.37±0.74) with excellent amount of amino acid and can effectively be substituted in fish meal for feed preparation. The utilization of available protein in shrimp head meal by fishes is limited due to the presence of crude fibre (chitin). Fermentation can reduce this crude fibre by the breakdown of glycosidic bond between protein and chitin converting the product easily digestible. Fermentation of shrimp head waste in biofermenter reduces the fermentation time substantially as compared to conventional method.

Keywords

Shrimp Head Waste, Proximate Composition, Lactobacillus brevis, Fermentation, Biofermenter.

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C. Dutta ¹, S. Nath ², S. Chowdhury ², A. K. Panigrahi ¹, C. Sengupta ³

Affiliations
1 Fisheries and Aquaculture Extension Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia (W.B.), IN
2 Department of Fish Processing Technology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata (W.B.), IN
3 Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia (W.B.), IN

Abstract

Food quality has become a considerable issue in food sector over the past decade. The food safety concepts are gaining attention not only in developed countries but also in developing countries like India. Finfish and shellfish are some of the highly perishable commodities, so, systematic approach is required to maintain quality during processing. There is a worldwide trend towards food safety and quality in order to prevent food borne illness. For ensuring food safety there are several quality control systems, out of which the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) is the most acceptable. In the present study, a survey was made to put an idea of implementation Quality Assurance and HACCP system in seafood plants in West Bengal. The bacteriological loads in all these plants were studied and found acceptable as per ICMSF (1988) guidelines. Further, an attempt was made to identify Critical Control Point (CCP) during receiving end of raw material at seafood processing plants. Thrust was given to adopt Total Quality Management practices during inspection of processing plants.

Keywords

HACCP, CCP, Quality Assurance, Bacterial Load, Seafood.

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